De byer, hvor indkomster er de mest lige

Hvordan kan et Amerika med indkomstlig lighed se ud? Måske lidt som Romeoville, Illinois eller Spring Hill, Tennessee. Når det drejer sig om indkomstfordeling, er disse steder blandt de mest lige i landet, ifølge et Investmentmatome-studie.

Selvfølgelig eksisterer uligevægt blandt husholdninger i disse samfund, men forskellene mellem de rige og de fattige er meget mindre end andre steder i USA, hvor forskellen er blevet udvidet.

I 2007 havde den gennemsnitlige husstand i de øverste 5% en indkomst 26 gange højere end den gennemsnitlige husstand i bunden 20%, og i 2013 var denne forskel steget til næsten 30 gange, ifølge data fra US Census Bureau's American Community Undersøgelse.

Måling af ulighed

Økonomisk ulighed kan måles på mange måder, f.eks. Gennem fordeling af rigdom eller forbrug. Til dette studie har vi valgt at fokusere på fordelingen af ​​husstandsindkomst i over 1.500 amerikanske byer. For at bestemme, hvor den største indkomstparitet og den største ulighed eksisterer, brugte vi Gini-indekset, som også kaldes Gini-koefficienten. Dette indeks måler i hvilket omfang indkomstfordelingen adskiller sig fra perfekt ligestilling.

Hvad tallene betyder

Et Gini-indeks på nul, der indikerer perfekt ligestilling, ville betyde, at hver husstand i USA havde samme indkomst. På den modsatte ende af spektret ville et indeks på 100 betyde, at en enkelt husstand modtog hele landets indkomst. Gini-indekset for USA er 48 før de omfordelende virkninger af skatter og overførsler, såsom social sikring og velfærd. Amerikanske byer spænder over en bred vifte på indekset - fra 27 til 63.

Denne relative måling af indkomstfordeling fortæller dog ikke hele historien. Gini-indekset kan i sig selv indikere en bys indkomstlighed, men ikke samfundets økonomiske sundhed. For at få en følelse af det billede kan indekset parres med en bys medianindkomstdata.

Nedenfor er de amerikanske byer, der er mest og mindst lige i indkomst. Vi har medtaget data om medianindtægten for de 20% og de nederste 20% af husholdningerne i hver by for at præsentere et skøn over det absolutte rigdom i hvert område.

Ved tallene

59: Gini-indekset for Harrison, New York, som er blandt de højeste i USA og viser, at de økonomiske forskelle mellem rige og fattige beboere er nogle af de største.

$936,926: Forskellen i Newport Beach, Californien, mellem den gennemsnitlige indkomst for de nederste 20% af husholdningerne og de øverste 5%.

$108,032: Forskellen, en af ​​de mindste i nationen, i Romeoville, Illinois, mellem den gennemsnitlige indkomst for de nederste 20% af husholdningerne og top 20%.

31 gange: Forskellen i New Orleans, Louisiana, mellem den gennemsnitlige indkomst på de øverste 20% og de nederste 20% af husholdningerne.

Amerikas mest lige byer efter indkomst

Rang	By og stat	Gini indeks	Middel husstand Indkomst for bunden 20%	Middel husstand indkomst for mellem 20%	Gennemsnitlig husstandsindkomst for top 20%	Median husstandsindkomst
1	Romeoville, Illinois	30.36	$24,315	$67,645	$132,347	$66,034
2	Spring Hill, Tennessee	30.96	$26,735	$74,214	$157,191	$75,390
3	Oswego, Illinois	31.69	$30,326	$92,716	$191,082	$92,142
4	Kyle, Texas	32.12	$23,274	$75,966	$151,363	$76,141
5	Wylie, Texas	32.43	$27,443	$82,046	$170,856	$82,036
6	Riverton, Utah	32.54	$31,771	$84,042	$190,321	$82,373
7	Andover, Minnesota	32.65	$30,091	$92,015	$188,847	$92,399
8	Cottage Grove, Minnesota	32.67	$27,358	$79,672	$172,203	$79,137
9	West Jordan, Utah	32.8	$21,750	$66,668	$141,025	$66,263
10	South Jordan, Utah	32.96	$32,932	$87,577	$199,260	$86,775
11	Independence, Kentucky	33.01	$18,155	$65,413	$133,275	$64,297
12	Plainfield, Illinois	33.08	$36,265	$107,304	$228,633	$107,932
13	Roy, Utah	33.18	$18,860	$59,779	$126,575	$59,468
14	Horn Lake, Mississippi	33.59	$14,756	$47,200	$100,597	$46,935
15	Lille Elm, Texas	33.61	$25,371	$78,936	$168,719	$77,612
16	Derby, Kansas	33.62	$20,758	$64,844	$142,393	$65,412
17	Maricopa, Arizona	33.64	$23,831	$66,029	$150,381	$64,705
18	Ramsey, Minnesota	33.74	$30,860	$83,443	$191,655	$82,099
19	La Vergne, Tennessee	33.77	$21,755	$54,987	$132,820	$53,498
20	New Lenox, Illinois	33.78	$27,914	$90,567	$192,568	$90,950
21	Corinth, Texas	33.84	$26,634	$90,093	$193,627	$88,713
22	Syracuse, Utah	33.85	$30,813	$84,617	$194,438	$83,963
23	Flower Mound, Texas	34.15	$41,879	$121,737	$280,414	$121,605
24	Spansk gaffel, Utah	34.16	$20,809	$61,258	$138,464	$62,073
25	Rosemount, Minnesota	34.27	$27,864	$90,630	$197,690	$90,012
26	South Elgin, Illinois	34.45	$24,609	$82,677	$177,675	$81,566
27	Apex, North Carolina	34.63	$27,594	$91,980	$199,557	$89,269
28	Champlin, Minnesota	34.71	$27,639	$81,569	$187,463	$82,270
29	Rowlett, Texas	34.73	$25,143	$83,074	$184,714	$83,002
30	Homer Glen, Illinois	34.77	$27,417	$92,148	$206,443	$92,841
31	Watauga, Texas	34.92	$16,601	$61,217	$134,471	$60,138
31	Lake i bakkerne, Illinois	34.92	$25,289	$83,836	$188,002	$82,987
33	La Puente, Californien	35.24	$17,654	$54,656	$127,825	$54,510
34	Bowie, Maryland	35.31	$31,217	$103,878	$235,727	$103,618
34	Lehi, Utah	35.31	$26,478	$74,949	$181,527	$74,566
36	Elk River, Minnesota	35.39	$23,080	$75,747	$170,762	$73,586
37	O'Fallon, Missouri	35.52	$22,735	$76,263	$173,021	$76,691
38	Parker, Colorado	35.54	$26,964	$95,328	$215,081	$96,429
38	Surprise, Arizona	35.54	$16,792	$57,024	$131,680	$56,741
40	Bartlett, Illinois	35.78	$27,126	$96,839	$217,977	$97,590
41	Bartlett, Tennessee	35.84	$27,070	$78,413	$191,021	$79,116
42	St. Peters, Missouri	35.94	$20,912	$68,576	$160,988	$68,329
43	Moorpark, Californien	35.96	$29,300	$100,975	$237,894	$100,477
44	Mount Juliet, Tennessee	36.04	$19,433	$69,121	$159,724	$68,986
44	North Ridgeville, Ohio	36.04	$19,764	$65,274	$152,610	$65,255
46	Ankeny, Iowa	36.06	$18,834	$72,236	$163,028	$71,469
46	Wentzville, Missouri	36.06	$23,238	$70,779	$176,097	$68,765
48	Oviedo, Florida	36.07	$22,638	$82,221	$189,178	$82,143
48	Pelham, Alabama	36.07	$21,129	$68,651	$161,315	$68,347
50	Villa Park, Illinois	36.08	$18,461	$72,735	$159,942	$72,831

Amerikas mindst lige byer efter indkomst

Rang	By og stat	Gini indeks	Gennemsnitlig husstandsindkomst for bunden 20%	Gennemsnitlig husstandsindkomst for mellem 20%	Gennemsnitlig husstandsindkomst for top 20%	Median husstandsindkomst
1	Cookeville, Tennessee	63.48	$2,666	$27,389	$176,180	$27,090
1	Beverly Hills, Californien	63.48	$14,055	$91,971	$662,761	$89,225
3	Miami Beach, Florida	61.07	$8,840	$42,209	$276,750	$42,295
4	East Lansing, Michigan	60.78	$4,178	$32,919	$202,562	$32,644
4	Napoli, Florida	60.78	$13,217	$79,251	$499,784	$77,294
6	Athens, Ohio	60.74	$2,520	$17,566	$123,872	$17,774
7	Carbondale, Illinois	59.95	$1,483	$17,801	$111,250	$17,236
8	Blacksburg, Virginia	59.69	$2,889	$31,627	$179,237	$30,883
9	Ithaca, New York	59.31	$600	$28,179	$144,947	$28,208
10	Harrison, New York	58.62	$21,857	$108,302	$632,220	$104,340
10	State College, Pennsylvania	58.62	$2,451	$27,146	$141,020	$26,529
12	Atlanta, Georgien	58.59	$6,865	$47,022	$254,085	$46,783
13	Monroe, Louisiana	58.23	$5,863	$27,247	$161,512	$26,630
14	West Lafayette, Indiana	57.34	$3,437	$29,875	$154,217	$29,901
14	Bloomington, Indiana	57.34	$3,009	$28,232	$142,916	$27,393
16	Sandy Springs, Georgia	57.13	$12,634	$61,267	$347,238	$60,777
17	Harvey, Illinois	56.91	$669	$19,500	$91,816	$19,531
18	Hattiesburg, Mississippi	56.89	$4,926	$26,432	$136,075	$25,991
19	Winter Park, Florida	56.79	$13,274	$60,685	$340,382	$60,434
20	College Station, Texas	56.4	$3,763	$31,476	$159,595	$30,947
21	Statesboro, Georgien	56.36	$2,309	$21,681	$98,797	$21,375
22	New Orleans, Louisiana	56.24	$5,784	$36,099	$177,840	$35,837
23	Miami, Florida	56.11	$6,218	$30,223	$155,335	$30,126
24	Urbana, Illinois	56.07	$3,214	$28,628	$137,229	$28,085
25	Oxford, Ohio	55.55	$3,001	$33,478	$154,086	$34,159
26	Cincinnati, Ohio	55.22	$4,943	$32,733	$151,700	$32,316
27	Chapel Hill, North Carolina	55.09	$7,635	$65,732	$298,119	$63,757
28	Greenville, South Carolina	55.05	$7,018	$39,860	$192,954	$39,591
29	Galveston, Texas	55.04	$6,352	$38,690	$176,812	$38,218
30	Coral Gables, Florida	54.84	$15,456	$91,511	$422,713	$91,019
31	Ruston, Louisiana	54.83	$2,017	$26,328	$115,477	$25,315
32	Newport Beach, Californien	54.81	$18,018	$107,755	$504,144	$107,257
32	Topmødet i new jersey	54.81	$27,126	$117,674	$605,420	$115,184
34	Berkeley, Californien	54.69	$6,918	$62,951	$272,963	$62,761
35	Bonita Springs, Florida	54.64	$12,857	$51,286	$256,573	$51,009
36	Athens-Clarke County, Georgien	54.6	$3,726	$32,010	$139,988	$31,884
37	Texarkana, Texas	54.51	$7,669	$38,530	$170,701	$38,826
38	Providence, Rhode Island	54.48	$6,176	$36,878	$165,352	$36,700
39	Atlantic City, New Jersey	54.42	$5,636	$26,813	$124,957	$26,511
40	New York City, New York	54.38	$9,119	$51,828	$233,613	$51,526
41	Starkville, Mississippi	54.27	$4,175	$29,563	$134,256	$30,220
42	Lake Oswego, Oregon	54.22	$16,876	$79,280	$377,492	$78,555
43	Dallas, Texas	54.19	$9,237	$42,537	$202,654	$42,026
44	Auburn, Alabama	54.17	$4,301	$39,613	$168,316	$39,378
45	Kent, Ohio	54.03	$5,123	$34,262	$151,147	$33,280
46	Tampa, Florida	54.02	$8,450	$42,259	$196,934	$41,927
47	West Hollywood, Californien	54	$9,444	$54,428	$244,730	$52,829
48	Statesville, North Carolina	53.97	$7,302	$31,845	$148,760	$31,546
49	Myrtle Beach, South Carolina	53.96	$9,627	$35,965	$177,810	$34,621
50	Fayetteville, Arkansas	53.81	$5,261	$37,285	$165,035	$36,619

Stæder, hvor ulighed i indkomst faldt mest fra 2007 til 2013

Rang	By og stat	Gini indeks i 2007	Gennemsnitlig husstandsindkomst for bunden 20% i 2007	Gennemsnitlig husstandsindkomst for midten af ​​20% i 2007	Gennemsnitlig husstandsindkomst for top 20% i 2007	Median husstandsindkomst i 2007	Gini indeks i 2013	Gennemsnitlig husstandsindkomst for bunden 20% i 2013	Gennemsnitlig husstandsindkomst for mellem 20% i 2013	Gennemsnitlig husstandsindkomst for top 20% i 2013	Median husstandsindkomst i 2013	Reduktion i Gini indeks 2007-2013
1	Laguna Hills, Californien	54.6	$22,039	$102,043	$487,580	$100,869	45.8	$23,145	$92,650	$311,930	$92,294	8.78
2	Tupelo, Mississippi	54.1	$8,253	$45,320	$201,640	$44,113	47.2	$9,214	$41,831	$142,068	$41,465	6.94
3	Portsmouth, Ohio	54.8	$5,236	$23,456	$116,502	$23,301	48.2	$7,436	$29,256	$109,214	$28,956	6.59
4	South Pasadena, Californien	51.7	$18,283	$86,035	$352,968	$85,878	45.3	$21,522	$81,494	$280,208	$81,398	6.4
4	Alexandria, Louisiana	56.7	$7,222	$32,762	$173,529	$32,721	50.3	$7,959	$34,338	$139,827	$34,197	6.4
6	New Braunfels, Texas	44.2	$13,799	$60,543	$182,613	$60,075	37.8	$15,876	$56,597	$138,802	$56,391	6.36
7	Sarasota, Florida	57.3	$10,792	$44,586	$246,859	$44,015	51.1	$10,402	$42,064	$177,344	$42,782	6.24
8	Fitchburg, Massachusetts	48.6	$11,029	$49,920	$172,834	$49,241	42.4	$10,024	$43,962	$124,522	$44,312	6.18
9	Ruston, Louisiana	60.9	$3,712	$29,384	$168,404	$27,808	54.8	$2,017	$26,328	$115,477	$25,315	6.07
10	Ridgecrest, Californien	46.0	$10,763	$56,990	$178,352	$57,209	40.0	$12,556	$58,449	$145,634	$57,708	6.05
11	Moorpark, Californien	41.5	$26,607	$102,920	$290,865	$101,237	36.0	$29,300	$100,975	$237,894	$100,477	5.54
11	Carteret, New Jersey	45.9	$9,494	$56,761	$176,807	$57,614	40.4	$10,961	$58,350	$139,640	$57,763	5.54
13	Duncanville, Texas	42.6	$14,835	$55,580	$166,843	$54,343	37.3	$16,817	$54,865	$139,960	$55,619	5.26
14	Tuscaloosa, Alabama	56.9	$5,083	$32,564	$164,741	$32,103	51.7	$6,842	$37,331	$151,364	$37,901	5.18
15	Aiken, South Carolina	51.8	$9,389	$54,418	$226,576	$53,934	46.7	$10,374	$52,488	$175,070	$51,627	5.1
16	Quincy, Illinois	48.0	$9,746	$39,491	$141,745	$39,517	42.9	$9,999	$39,001	$117,108	$38,805	5.06
17	Pearl, Mississippi	44.4	$10,235	$41,640	$132,038	$41,481	39.4	$13,354	$45,340	$122,814	$46,474	4.98
18	Columbus, Nebraska	42.3	$13,546	$49,915	$146,483	$50,423	37.3	$15,724	$47,877	$123,789	$47,265	4.97
19	Madera, Californien	45.5	$13,191	$44,846	$152,779	$45,476	40.7	$10,449	$41,130	$113,102	$40,975	4.77
20	Saratoga, Californien	49.6	$28,176	$156,584	$576,900	$154,223	44.9	$33,323	$175,597	$535,514	$170,373	4.73
21	Spartanburg, South Carolina	54.4	$7,526	$35,503	$162,659	$36,216	49.7	$5,380	$32,870	$117,571	$33,381	4.68
22	Northport, Alabama	45.0	$7,308	$47,930	$135,345	$48,414	40.3	$11,632	$50,395	$128,354	$50,617	4.68
23	Dana Point, Californien	51.3	$19,521	$91,643	$366,963	$91,751	46.6	$19,693	$82,738	$289,429	$81,584	4.67
24	Bethel Park, Pennsylvania	42.5	$17,188	$66,316	$190,411	$66,427	37.9	$19,963	$70,737	$174,450	$71,229	4.6
25	Charleston, Illinois	57.6	$3,675	$23,811	$134,131	$23,381	53.1	$5,807	$26,960	$127,896	$26,521	4.54
26	Parkland, Florida	43.9	$30,296	$117,590	$364,832	$116,726	39.6	$37,604	$125,865	$344,270	$126,105	4.34
27	Wake Forest, North Carolina	42.4	$19,340	$68,003	$207,257	$66,228	38.2	$19,271	$80,102	$193,760	$78,791	4.21
28	Columbus, Indiana	46.9	$12,964	$54,439	$188,779	$53,347	42.7	$13,984	$54,785	$161,626	$54,877	4.19
29	Lake Forest, Illinois	56.6	$36,063	$175,360	$953,476	$169,278	52.4	$27,948	$159,681	$686,283	$152,415	4.17
30	Ferguson, Missouri	46.0	$9,459	$40,325	$132,633	$40,737	41.8	$7,439	$39,074	$101,810	$39,377	4.16
31	Fredericksburg, Virginia	52.4	$12,030	$49,027	$213,400	$48,208	48.3	$10,250	$48,869	$178,601	$47,945	4.11
32	Rocky Mount, North Carolina	48.3	$6,866	$40,607	$142,041	$40,454	44.2	$8,931	$36,086	$113,190	$36,308	4.08
32	Sumter, South Carolina	52.5	$8,707	$33,650	$156,287	$33,114	48.4	$7,650	$38,644	$141,415	$38,825	4.08
34	Bessemer, Alabama	50.6	$7,133	$31,578	$130,098	$31,582	46.6	$5,398	$28,838	$96,060	$28,991	4.01
35	Ponca City, Oklahoma	47.4	$10,696	$42,708	$149,976	$42,568	43.4	$10,792	$40,011	$124,122	$40,059	3.98
36	Bartlesville, Oklahoma	49.0	$11,274	$46,860	$175,373	$46,874	45.1	$11,581	$48,465	$157,570	$47,928	3.91
37	Cornelius, North Carolina	48.4	$25,681	$87,450	$351,005	$85,970	44.6	$20,920	$75,984	$248,865	$76,959	3.84
38	Odessa, Texas	46.9	$11,033	$47,554	$162,088	$47,102	43.1	$13,968	$54,427	$164,470	$54,009	3.82
39	Eureka, Californien	46.3	$8,027	$35,155	$123,505	$34,962	42.5	$9,870	$37,808	$113,453	$37,683	3.76
40	Williamsport, Pennsylvania	48.2	$6,562	$30,540	$111,285	$30,245	44.5	$7,697	$34,839	$106,912	$35,096	3.71
41	Lake Havasu City, Arizona	45.2	$13,913	$46,714	$162,078	$45,969	41.5	$11,559	$42,065	$123,231	$41,533	3.68
42	Watertown, New York	45.8	$8,641	$37,168	$121,474	$37,099	42.1	$9,453	$38,874	$108,903	$38,736	3.67
43	Edinburg, Texas	49.0	$5,177	$34,759	$121,509	$33,429	45.3	$8,193	$43,602	$131,233	$44,066	3.66
44	Salisbury, North Carolina	50.6	$8,619	$42,016	$163,898	$41,880	47.0	$8,113	$34,737	$120,413	$35,036	3.64
45	New Bern, North Carolina	49.0	$7,350	$37,341	$133,262	$36,624	45.4	$7,390	$42,551	$125,555	$42,691	3.63
46	Villa Park, Illinois	39.6	$18,092	$72,031	$186,927	$72,347	36.1	$18,461	$72,735	$159,942	$72,831	3.52
46	Corsicana, Texas	48.1	$7,945	$35,009	$125,578	$35,217	44.6	$8,766	$35,636	$114,720	$36,022	3.52
48	Crown Point, Indiana	43.4	$18,073	$62,285	$193,186	$60,465	39.9	$16,127	$61,219	$161,425	$61,574	3.46
48	Big Spring, Texas	46.1	$7,694	$33,527	$114,075	$32,641	42.6	$10,230	$44,584	$130,506	$43,993	3.46
50	Marion, Iowa	41.9	$17,024	$59,096	$171,192	$59,815	38.4	$16,124	$64,859	$155,497	$64,582	3.46

Metode

For at finde de steder, hvor landets indkomster er mest og mindst lige, rangerede vi byer ved hjælp af Gini-indekset fra US Census Bureau's 2013 American Community Survey.

For at finde de byer, hvor indkomstdækningen steg, så vi på den absolutte ændring i Gini-indekset fra 2007 til 2013.

Lehi, Utah, billede via iStock.